Search results for "electric [charge]"
showing 10 items of 729 documents
Study of the effect of the membrane composition on ion transfer across a supported liquid membrane
2003
Abstract The rate of ion transfer across the supported liquid membrane (SLM) is studied in the rotating diffusion cell (RDC), varying the chemical composition of the SLM from net-cloth supported gel membranes to radiation-grafted polymer membranes. Steady-state current–voltage curves are measured as a function of the rotation rate, and values for the standard rate constant, k 0 , are determined for a series of tetraalkylammonium cations from the analysis of the initial slopes and the diffusion limiting currents. The analysis gives values for k 0 of the order of 10 −2 –10 −4 cm s −1 , which is in rather good agreement with the values found in the literature for this type of the system. As co…
Thermomagnetic Properties Improved by Self-Organized Flower-Like Phase Separation of Ferromagnetic Co2Dy0.5Mn0.5Sn
2012
A thermodynamically stable phase separation of Co2Dy0.5Mn0.5Sn into the Heusler compound Co2MnSn and Co8Dy3Sn4 is induced by rapid cooling from the liquid phase. The phase separation forms an ordered flower-like structure on the microscale. The increased scattering of phonons at the phase boundaries reduces the thermal conductivity and thus improves thermoelectric and spincaloric properties.
Influence of the symmetry on the circular dichroism in angular resolved core-level photoemission
2002
The model for angular resolved photoemission from adsorbed atoms is extended to account for the non-axial symmetry of atoms in a crystal field. In particular, circular dichroism in the angular distribution (CDAD) is theoretically investigated. A special emphasis is put on the case when incident photons are propagating along the principal axis of an atom in Cnv symmetry. The model, although mainly developed for adsorbates, may also be used as a base for emission from solid surfaces. An extension to simple bulk symmetries, like D for hexagonal or O for cubic crystals, is included. The CDAD 6 hh for normal incidence does not vanish in the extended model and reflects the symmetry of the adsorpt…
Dichroism in VUV photoemission from the (0001)-surfaces of ultrathin Gd and Nd films on W(110)
1997
Abstract Ultrathin layers of Gd and Nd epitaxially grown on W(110) have been investigated using linearly and circularly polarised light at the 6.5 m NIM beamline at the BESSY storage ring in Berlin. The high quality of the films was monitored by the sharp and dispersionless surface state just below the Fermi energy. The CDAD (circular dichroism in the angular distribution of photoelectrons) measurements showed strong effects in the surface states as well as in the valence bands. The LMDAD (linear magnetic dichroism in…) from Gd(0001) showed a small, but significant splitting of the surface state. This splitting can be reproduced by numerical one-step calculations based on spin-dependent sur…
Effect of storage period under variable conditions on the chemical and physical composition and colour of Spanish refrigerated orange juices
2005
The effects of the physicochemical and quality characteristics of various minimally pasteurized refrigerated orange Spanish juices and their changes with storage time and temperature were investigated. Essential oils, acidity, conductivity, diacetyl index, hydroxymethylfurfural, formol index, viscosity and ascorbic acid varied with storage time more significantly at 10 degrees C than at 4 degrees C. Density, colour and pectinmethylesterase did not vary at 4 degrees C. Some of the parameters could be used as indicators of quality loss or spoilage of the juices. The degradation kinetics of the concentration of remaining ascorbic acid against time follows a straight line whose slope indicates …
Energy saving in airports by trigeneration. Part I: Assessing economic and technical potential
2006
Airports are very energy-intensive areas, because of the large buildings (both terminals and non-passengers areas) equipped with heating and air-conditioning systems, the high power demand for lighting and electric equipment and the energy requests from many facilities within the airport area. The contemporaneous and high demand for power and heat makes cogeneration to represent a viable solution for energy saving; in southern climate zones, however, combined heating, cooling and power (CHCP) systems can lead to even better results. This paper constitutes the first part of a work in two parts; starting from an analysis of typical energy demand profiles in airports, economical and technical …
EFFECT OF SURFACTANT AND SUBSTRATE TEMPERATURE ON THE GROWTH OF Ag FILMS ON A SAPPHIRE SURFACE
1997
The possibility of modification of the thin film growth on an insulating (sapphire) substrate by using a Ga monolayer as a "surfactant" was studied. We found that the films grown in this way are electrically conducting and can emit photoelectrons at much lower thickness than those deposited on a pure substrate. The surfactant stabilizes the positions of Ag atoms on the substrate surface and inhibits the coalescence of small nuclei into bigger islands, even when the film is annealed to 450 K. This fact may be very important for thin metal film technology.
The short-circuited everted sac of rat colon mucosa.
1981
A short-circuited preparation of everted rat colon sacs is described. The serosal current electrode is a AgAgCl wire. A cylindrical agar bridge or AgAgCl electrode may be employed on the mucosal side. Effects of Ag+ ions liberated from the electrodes on ion transport could not be demonstrated. Fluid and sodium are absorbed and bicarbonate secreted. Potassium and chloride movements are not significantly different from zero. The preparation remains stable for at least 2 h. Sodium absorption is diminished by 50% and bicarbonate secretion abolished in the absence of glucose. In principle, similar ion transport properties were found as in Ussing-chamber preparations. The advantage of the everted…
Magnetic fields in heavy ion collisions: flow and charge transport
2020
At the earliest times after a heavy-ion collision, the magnetic field created by the spectator nucleons will generate an extremely strong, albeit rapidly decreasing in time, magnetic field. The impact of this magnetic field may have detectable consequences, and is believed to drive anomalous transport effects like the Chiral Magnetic Effect (CME). We detail an exploratory study on the effects of a dynamical magnetic field on the hydrodynamic medium created in the collisions of two ultrarelativistic heavy-ions, using the framework of numerical ideal MagnetoHydroDynamics (MHD) with the ECHO-QGP code. In this study, we consider a magnetic field captured in a conducting medium, where the conduc…
Using Applications and Tools to Visualize ab initio Calculations Performed in VASP
2018
Visualization of the results of the ab initio calculations is important for the analysis of these results. It improves the quality of the analysis by supplementing the plain numbers received as the output of the calculations with various graphical images and facilitates the analysis of the results. In addition to that visualization helps avoiding some mistakes or inconsistencies. Various tools have been used in this work to construct the unit cell models of the calculated lattices, to check and analyze the calculated lattice structure before and after the relaxation, to plot total and difference electron charge density maps.